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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.306
3. How does the ranking system work?
The ranks are "kyu" and "dan". Kyu means pupil and dan means master,
but there is no qualitative difference. The ranks are like positive
and negative numbers (with no zero). A beginner starts out with a
high kyu rank (20-30 kyu) and advances to the strongest kyu rank of 1
kyu. The next rank above 1 kyu is 1 dan (shodan), and the dan ranks
proceed upward to 7 dan. On the 19x19 board, the number of handicap
stones is the difference between the ranks. A 3 kyu gives seven
stones to a 10 kyu. A 2 dan gives 2 stones to a 1 kyu. The
professional go players have a separate dan scale which goes from 1
dan to 9 dan. The professional scale has finer gradations than the
amateur scale: the difference between 9 dan and 1 dan is about 2
stones.
Statistical analysis of a large number of games (over 2000) by Jos
Vermaseren suggests that the probability of winning an even game is
given by:
P(x) = (1/2)*(2/3)^(2*x)
in which x is the positive difference in rank and P(x) is the chance
that the weaker player wins.
You can determine your strength only by playing aginast others with
known strength. There are books like "Test Your Rating", but those
tests are very unreliable.
On a 13x13 board, if the rank difference is "diff", then the following
table gives the handicap and komi:
diff Handicap Komi diff Handicap Komi diff Handicap Komi
0 0 8.5 7 3 5.5 14 5 2.5
1 0 5.5 8 3 2.5 15 5 -0.5
2 0 2.5 9 3 -0.5 16 6 5.5
3 0 -0.5 10 4 5.5 17 6 2.5
4 2 5.5 11 4 2.5 18 6 -0.5
5 2 2.5 12 4 -0.5 19 6 -3.5
6 2 -0.5 13 5 5.5 20 6 -6.5
4. What public domain programs can I get to play go?
Very few public domain programs exist. Those that do are extremely
weak. On the archive site, you will find comp/wally.c, which can be
compiled anywhere. If you think wally.c is too strong, you can get
the even weaker gnugo from prep.ai.mit.edu in pub/gnu/gnugo-1.1.tar.Z.
If you have X11, you can get xgoban from the archive site
(prog/xgoban-1.0.sh.Z) to act as a graphical interface to either wally
or gnugo. Macintosh users can try MacGo or Dragon Go (available on
the archive site). Amiga users can get Amigo (comp/amigo.lzh on the
archive site). Amigo has been ported to X11 (comp/xamigo.sh.Z). If
you have access to an HP9000 either 680x0 based or HP-PA risc based,
you can get Many Faces of Go for X11 from ftp.uu.net in
games/hp-xgo.shar.Z.
5. What commercial programs can I get to play go?
The information in this section may be somewhat out of date. Prices or
version numbers may be wrong.
The Many Faces of Go, $59.95 (add $2.25 for shipping; in CA add
sales tax)
ISBN 0-923891-28-5
(Version for MSDOS)
Ishi Press International Ishi Press International
76 Bonaventura Drive 20 Bruges Place
San Jose, CA 95134 London England NW1 OTE
Tel: (408)944-9900
FAX: (408)944-9110 071 284 4898
Ishi Press
1301-5 Yabata
Chigasaki-Shi
Kanagawa-ken 253
(0467)83-4369
(0467)83-4710 (fax)
Japan
Star of Poland, Version 3.1, $110
OPENetwork
215 Berkeley Pl.
Brooklyn, NY 11217
(718) 638-2266
Nemesis Version 3 was available for $79 (also $49 for Joseki Tutor and
$59 for Tactical Wizard -- tsume go analyzer). Current Nemesis is
version 5. Toyogo is now located in Hawaii. Call 1-800 TOYOGO9 for
details.
(versions for Macintosh, PC, and NEC 9801, add $6 for shipping)
Go Intellect 1990 Computer Olympiad 1st place; 1990 International
Computer Go Congress world championship tied for 1st/2nd place. Go
Intellect version 2.98 can be ordered directly from the author. An
reduced cost upgrade from 2.0 to 2.98 is also available (Version for
macintosh)
Dr. Ken Chen
4407 Oak Lane
Charlotte, NC 28213
Go Explorer runs on top of Smart Go and is available from Anders
Kierulf. (For macintosh)
Anders Kierulf
Smart Game Board
P.O. Box 7751
Menlo Park, CA 94026-7751
The following is taken from an ad in _Go_World, issue 53, Autumn 88:
Goliath 2, Dfl 99.- (Add 10% for surface, 20% for air shipment)
Intl. M.O. or cheque or remit to the following account:
N.M.B. Bank Amsterdam 69.17.05.070
(Version for Atari ST, monochrome, and MSDOS)
Divo Publishing
M. Gijzenburg 14
2907 HG Capelle a/d IJssel
The Netherlands
Many Faces of Go, Nemesis, and Contender (Mac) are available from Ishi
Press.
Ishi Press International Ishi Press International
76 Bonaventura Drive 20 Bruges Place
San Jose, CA 95134 London England NW1 OTE
Tel: (408)944-9900
FAX: (408)944-9110 071 284 4898
6. How strong are the commercial programs?
It's difficult to rank the programs because they are all very
inconsistent in their play. They may play a sequence of moves that
look dan level, or solve a dan level problem during play, but then a
few moves later they will make a move that a 20 kyu would never make.
Since none of the current programs can learn from their own mistakes,
when the same situation comes up they will make the same bad move
again.
The top program in the world (Goliath) claims to be around 8 or 10
Kyu. Many Faces of Go and Nemesis claim to be 13 Kyu. Poka claims to
be about 17 Kyu, and Dragon Go is about 17 kyu as well. These claims
are generally based on games that are the first game the human has
played against a computer. Nemesis has played in AGA rated
tournaments for its rating.
David Fotland (Author of Many Faces of Go) says, "I know someone who
was having trouble beating Many Faces at 13 stones until I suggested
he could beat it at 29 stones. He spent a few weeks trying odd moves
and found some weaknesses, and now he has no trouble beating it at 29
stones. Each of the programs has different weaknesses, but they all
tend to collapse tactically in a complicated position, so if attach
and crosscut a lot you can usually win big."
Results of 1991 North American Computer Go Tournament
1st: Many Faces of Go, By David Fotland 2nd: Go Intellect, by Ken Chen
3rd: Stone, by Kao 4th: Contender, by Lynn Beus and Jim Logan 5th:
Nemesis, by Bruce Wilcox 6th: Swiss Explorer, by Martin Mueller and
Anders Kierulf
Swiss Explorer forfeited two games, to Many faces and Nemesis, because
it was late and missed two rounds. Swiss explorer lost to Contender
due to an unrecoverable crash, but Contender was ahead at the time.
Nemesis lost two games, to Contender and Stone, due to unrecoverable
crashes. The game between Many Faces and Go Intellect was exciting -
both programs killed large enemy groups, and the score swung over 100
points each way in the middle game, then the programs left a very
large ko on the board until the last dame was filled. Many Faces beat
Stone by about 20 points and Nemesis and Contender by about 140 points
each.
Results from the 1991 World computer Go Congress:
Main Computer Tournament:
Place Program Author Country
Wins
1 6 Goliath Mark Boon Netherlands
2 5 Go Intellect Ken Chen USA (lost to Goliath)
3 4 Dragon Tung-Yueh Liu Taiwan
4 4 Weiki III Sanechika Japan
5 4 Star of Poland Kraszek Poland
6 3 Handtalk ZhiXing Cheng China
7 3 Stone Kuo-Yuan Kao Taiwan
8 3 Modgo Knoepfle Germany
9 3 Mac Won-Ho Jee Korea
10 3 Many Faces David Fotland USA
11 2 Nemesis Bruce Wilcox USA
12 2 Hirartsuka Shigyou Japan
13 1 Explorer Martin Muller Switzerland
14 1 Daihoninbo Yoshikawa Japan (Win was due to a bye)
15 0 Go Yuzhi Yang China (crashed every round)
"Best Design" prize for the program with the overall best combination
of ease of use, features, look, and playing strength, went to Many
Faces of Go.
Goliath went on to challange the 3 human players (young 5 dans), at a
16 play handicap and won all 3 games. It challenged at the next level
(14 play handicap), and lost all three games. Next year the human
challenge will be at a 14 play handicap.
7. What computer go tournaments exist? What are the prizes?
There is a North American Championship every year at the Go Congress
the first week of August. Plaques and the title of North American
Computer Go Champion are the prizes. There is a similar competition
at the European Go Congress. There is a Computer Games Olympiad every
year in London in the summer that includes Computer Go. The Usenix
conference used have a computer go competition every year, and may
still - no prizes.
The big money is in the World Computer Go Congress, sponsored by Ing
Chang Chi and Acer in Taiwan. They have a preliminary competition
every August (formerly held in Europe, USA, and Japan, but now held in
Taipei with programs that are mailed in by their authors). If you do
well in the preliminary (defined as beating two of 3 benchmark
programs - this year the benchmarks were Stone, Friday, and Goliath)
you will be reimbursed for 1/2 of your air fare to the Congress. The
congress is held on November 11 and 12 in various places. In 1990 it
was in Beijing. In 1991 it was in in Singapore. First prize for the
best computer program is about $8,000. Second is about $1,000 and 3rd
is about $500. The winning computer program plays a 3 game series
against the Taiwan youth champion (usually a 12 year old 5 Dan) and
gets another $8000 if it wins. This prize went unclaimed for five
years, but in 1991 Goliath beat all three human challengers, so the
handicap has been decreased to 14 moves. The top prize if for winning
a 7 game series against a professional (of unspecified rank) is about
$1.6 Million. The contest only runs through the year 2000 so the top
prize will go unclaimed.
8. What are the different game record formats and how can I display them?
There are several different formats for game records. The two most
popular formats are Smart-Go and Ishi "Standard" Format. Definitions
for these two formats are on the archive site in info/smartgo.def.Z and
prog/standard.sh.Z respectively.
The Smart-Go format can be read by mgt, Pon Nuki, xgoban and the Smart
Go program. Ishi Format can be read by Many Faces of Go, Goscribe,
Goview, Contender, Smart Go Board (version 4.0 or later), and Nemesis
(version 5 and above). Smart Go Board cannot write Ishi format. Ishi
publishes games regularly in Ishi format.
The Liberty format is a binary format which is not common. Many of
the files on the archive site are presently in this format. They can
be converted to other formats with prog/convert.tar.Z.
9. What programs can I get to display go game records?
The program mgt will display game records under Unix, MSDOS or Atari
ST. The Unix and MSDOS versions do not use graphics, however. An X11
version of mgt is under development, but has not been released yet.
The mgt program was created originally by Greg Hale at the request of
rec.games.go readers who wanted an interactive program that would read
a series of tutorial files posted to the net. The program was
expanded by Adrian Mariano to edit and save game records. The purpose
of mgt is to display and edit game records in Smart-Go format. It can
be used to display a game board. Pieces can be placed and removed,
and games can be scored. Mgt is in prog/mgt22.sh.Z (Unix),
prog/mgt22.zip (MSDOS) and prog/stmgt.zoo (Atari ST).
The program xgoban by Antoine Dumesnil de Maricourt (dumesnil@etca.fr)
can display and edit Smart-Go under X11. It can also communicate with
wally to provide a graphical interface to this program.
The program Pon Nuki for the Mac is being developed by Greg Anderson
(greggor@apple.com). He is willing to send individuals beta test
copies. Pon Nuki can display either Ishi or Smart-Go format.
Many Faces of Go can display only Ishi format.
The Smart-Go program itself is available for the Mac. Also, Goscribe
for MSDOS is available through Ishi press (address above) for $59.95.
It can display and edit Ishi format. Goview, able to display but not
edit, is available for MSDOS for $20. Goview is free with a
subscription to Go World on disk.
Smart Go Board, version 4.0.2, $40
(version for Macintosh)
Anders Kierulf
Smart Game Board
P.O. Box 7751
Menlo Park, CA 94026-7751
10. How do I play games by computer?
Since computers make poor opponents, we use them to connect us to
other humans. There are two types of computer games: email, and
interactive. Email games can be handled manually, by creating a board
in an editor, or only exchanging move coordinates. The other option
is the use the unix program 'mailgo' which is included with mgt
(prog/mgt22.sh.Z). It sends Smart-Go records of your game back and
forth, and invokes mgt for moves.
There are several ways to play interactive games. Probably the most
popular is the Internet Go Server (IGS). You can connect to the
server and look for opponents to play, or just watch a game. To
connect directly, type "telnet icsib18.icsi.berkeley.edu 6969" on a
unix machine. The IP number is 128.32.201.46. A brief, outdated
introduction to the go server is available for ftp on
unmvax.cs.unm.edu in pub/go. The internet go server is also run on
cnam.cnam.fr, but this site does not appear to be used much. When you
connect to the IGS, be SURE to use the port number 6969.
The IGS interface is quite awkward, so six client programs are
available to ease your interaction with the server. They are
prog/igc050.sh.Z, an ascii client for unix, prog/xigs_v1.0.sh.Z and
prog/xgospel.sh.Z, X11 clients for unix, prog/gs039.sit.hqx, a
Macintosh client, prog/pcig42z.exe, an IBM PC client, and
prog/stigcbin-1.1.zoo, a client for Atari ST. All of the programs are
available on ftp.u.washington.edu.
Another interactive options is the internet go program, available on
the archive site as prog/inetgo72.sh.Z, which allows BSD Unix users to
play interactive games with ascii text screens. The xgosh program
(prog/xgosh17.sh.Z on the archive site) allows people with X-Windows
to play interactive games with a graphical board. The two interactive
programs are NOT compatible.
To help find suitable opponents, check out the go players email
address list, available on the archive site as go-players, and also
posted monthly with this FAQ.
There is a standard go modem protocol which is used by go programs for
modem play. It is implemented in Many Faces of Go, Nemesis, Smart
Game Board and Telego (a shareware go modem program for the IBM PC).
The protocol spec and sample code are available from the archive site
as info/protocol.Z.
Fotland's program, Many Faces of Go for X Windows on HP machines
supports two players on two screens.
11. Where can I get go equipment, books, etc?
Ishi Press International Ishi Press International
76 Bonaventura Drive 20 Bruges Place
San Jose, CA 95134 London England NW1 OTE
Tel: (408)944-9900
FAX: (408)944-9110 071 284 4898
Ishi Press
1301-5 Yabata
Chigasaki-Shi
Kanagawa-ken 253
(0467)83-4369
(0467)83-4710 (fax)
Japan
12. What are the dimensions of a go board?
The official size according to Nihon Ki-in is 45.45 x 42.42 (cm).
Measurements of an Ishi board indicate that the lines are 0.8 mm
thick and the hoshi points are 3 mm in diameter.
Stones are supposed to be 20-21 mm in diameter.
13. What books should I read?
A list of books is on the archive site: info/books.Z
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Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!hri.com!noc.near.net!uunet!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!nntp-server.caltech.edu!yucao
From: yucao@cco.caltech.edu (Yu Cao)
Newsgroups: rec.games.hack,news.answers
Subject: [rec.games.hack] Frequently Asked Questions (WEEKLY)
Message-ID: <rec.games.hack_FAQ_725097601@cco.caltech.edu>
Date: 23 Dec 92 07:57:04 GMT
Expires: 12 Jan 1993 08:00:01 GMT
Followup-To: rec.games.hack
Organization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
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Archive-name: games/nethack-faq
Last-modified: 24 Nov 1992
(11/24/92 - Archive-name changed)
(05/28/92 - archive site names added in spoiler section)
(04/09/92 - VMS SPAN and ftp info updated)
(02/14/92 - WCST Spoiler directory location in comp.sources.games added)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE: E-mail your FAQ suggestions and corrections to:
yucao@cco.caltech.edu
I am not a member of the development team, nor am I an expert. If you
don't see an answer to your question here, please, post an article.
"What is NetHack?"
NetHack is a single-user, fantasy role-playing computer game, and a
direct descendant of the games Hack and Rogue. The "Net" in
NetHack refers to its development by a team of programmers here in
the USENet community.
"What is the latest version?"
NetHack 3.0j {or 3.0 patchlevel 10, 3.0.10}
"Where do I get it from (source code and executable files)?"
FTP: linc.cis.upenn.edu pub/NH3.0/* {130.91.6.8}
Official site for source and PC/AMIGA/ATARI/OS2/MAC binaries.
FTP instructions are at the bottom of this article.
UUCP: ftp.uu.net or other sites that keep comp.sources.games
archives.
VMS: NSI/DECnet(SPAN) from ACDURS::SYS$LCL:[SRC.NETHACK] {or 9583::}
or anonymous ftp from uars.acd.ucar.edu in [.SRC.NETHACK].
COMPUSERVE: The GAMERS Forum library.
"Who do I contact to report a bug or to get installation help?"
nethack-bugs@linc.cis.upenn.edu
"Where do I go for more information on playing the game?"
o during play: "?" and "/" commands, fortune cookies and the
Oracle.
o The guidebook which accompanies the game.
o Explore-mode: nethack -X {you start with a wand of wishing}
"Where can I get spoilers from?
o Articles posted on rec.games.hack. (The standard behavior is
to insert a ctrl-L character before the spoiler so that those
who wish avoid them can skip the article.)
o The WCST Nethack Spoiler File. Available at sites that archive
comp.sources.games, and in the Compuserve GAMERS Forumlibrary.
The latest release is version 7.00. You can find it at sites
that archive comp.sources.games in directory:
comp.sources.games/volume13/nh-spoilers3
Here is a list of some of the archive sites: (please download
from within your continent)
ftp.uu.net {137.39.1.9}
wuarchive.wustl.edu {128.252.135.4}
usc.edu {128.125.253.136}
brolga.cc.uq.oz.au {130.102.128.5}
ftp.waseda.ac.jp {133.9.1.32}
nic.funet.fi {128.214.6.100}
"What is Wizard mode, and how do I use it?"
The game maintainer can use wizard-mode as a debugging aid. Try:
"nethack -u wizard -D" or "nethack -uWizard -D"
"I've undergone a Name Change and then saved the game. How do I restore
the game?"
In most implementations you have to tell the game your new name, as
in: "nethack -u <newname>"
"I've cleaned out the castle, where are the downstairs?"
Part of the challenge of nethack is figuring out mysteries like
this. Relax! This is intentional! There is a way...
"The Dungeon collapsed. Can I recover this game?"
Find the panic save file (*.e), if it exists, and remove the ".e"
suffix. If the file exists, it is likely, but not guaranteed, to
work after renaming. If the file does not exist, the game cannot
be recovered, even if all the level files remain, because the
player information is not in any of those files.
"When will the next version be released and what will be different?"
No information is available at this time. Thank you for your
patience.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Basic FTP instructions
If your machine is directly connected to internet, you can obtain the
source code and official binary releases for some popular computers.
Type in the command:
ftp linc.cis.upenn.edu
or
ftp 130.91.6.8
You will be connected to upenn, and it will prompt for a username.
Type in the username:
anonymous
Use your e-mail address for a password, such as:
boris@moose.squirrel.whatsammata.edu
Paying attention to upper and lower case, change directories to the
Nethack base directory, by typing:
cd pub/NH3.0
This directory contains the source and instructions for compiling and
installing Nethack on a variety of machines. You might want to first
obtain the READ_FIRST file that's in this directory. Try either one of
these two commands:
get READ_FIRST
get READ_FIRST _____.____ {use any local file name you like}
If you want to know what files are available in any directory, type:
dir
If you want a binary version of NetHack, type in one of the following
commands:
cd PC
cd os2
cd mac
cd amiga
cd atari
Each of these directories contain the binaries and instructions for
installation. Use the DIR command, and get the README file first.
Regardless what version you want, you'll need to know that there are two
ways to transfer, in "ascii" or in "binary" mode. By default, you're
already in ascii mode. If you wish to transfer binary files, type:
binary
To switch to binary mode. If you need to switch back, type:
ascii
As you've seen above, you get files by typing one of these commands:
get <file>
get <file> <local.file.name>
mget <wildcarded file name>
If your local system can handle Unix file structures, you can get all
the source and instructions by typing:
mget *
To leave your FTP session, type:
quit
Files that end with either "...uu" or "...uue" are files in Unix
"uuencode" format. These are binary files encoded into ascii format,
and must be decoded by a Unix "uudecode" command. There are versions of
uudecode for many platforms. Check with your system administrator,
local BBS, etc. Also, the Nethack source files are all of the form:
<filename>.tar.Z.uu
Once uudecoded, require two additional Unix programs, "uncompress" (the
'Z' means compressed), and "tar". Like uudecode, there are versions of
these programs for other platforms.
--
Yu Cao yucao@cco.caltech.edu
Caltech 103-33
Pasadena, CA 91125
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From: rg-frp-announce@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu
Subject: [rec.games.frp.*] Welcome to the roleplaying discussion groups!
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Archive-name: games/roleplay/part1
Last-modified: 11/20/92
Welcome to the rec.games.frp newsgroups
Please send suggested corrections and additions to the following
address:
CWATTERS@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu
* Asterisks are used to indicate new/updated information.
This is the first of a set of semi-monthly posts, all of which are
posted to rec.games.frp.announce.
1 Welcome to the rec.games.frp newsgroups!
2 Frequently asked questions, part 1
2a Frequently asked questions, part 2
3 Archive sites with Roleplaying material
4 Roleplaying Mailing Lists and Digests part 1/2
5 Roleplaying Mailing Lists and Digests part 2/2
6 BBS's of interest to Roleplaying gamers
7 Roleplaying Net.*.books, Gaming FAQ Keepers
8*** Armor, armament, and bows in Medieval Times
*** - any day now!
WELCOME TO THE REC.GAMES.FRP NEWSGROUPS!
The Charter for this newsgroup is in the following article, with
the answers to frequently asked questions.
This article collects important information which will help you use this
newsgroup. If you're new to the rec.games.frp newsgroups, please take a
few minutes to read the rest of this posting and the associated
administrivia postings. If you are also new to netnews, please read
through the net etiquette postings in news.announce.newusers, including
"Introduction to news.announce," "What is Usenet?", "Rules for posting
to Usenet", "A Primer on How to Work With the Usenet Community", "Hints
on writing style for Usenet", "Answers to Frequently Asked Questions",
and "Emily Postnews Answers Your Questions on Netiquette". Some of these
postings may be found most easily in news.answers.
Other postings that you should be familiar with, though you don't have
to read them all the way through at first, include: "How to Get
Information about Networks"; "List of Active Newsgroups"; "Publicly
Accessible Mailing Lists, Parts I, II, & III"; "List of Periodic
Informational Postings"; "Alternative Newsgroup Hierarchies, Parts I &
II"; and "A Guide to Social Newsgroups and Mailing Lists".
Finally, here are some regular postings that new users probably don't
need to read unless they want to build newsreading software, create a
newsgroup, or get more involved with the network than most users seem
to: "USENET Software: History and Sources"; "How to Create a New
Newsgroup"; "Regional Newsgroup Hierarchies, Part I,II,III"; "List of
Moderators"; "How to Create a New Trial Newsgroup"; "Checkgroups
message (with INET groups)"; and "How to Construct the Mailpaths
File".
WHAT DOESN'T BELONG IN REC.GAMES.FRP.*?
These groups are *not* intended for the discussion of wargames and other
board games, except as directly related to role-playing games; try
rec.games.board instead. Nor is this the proper group for discussing
computer games. Computer game discussions and spoiler requests for
Adventure-type games (such as Zork and Ultima) belong in
rec.games.video, rec.games.misc, rec.arts.int-fiction, rec.games.mud,
rec.games.moria, or the relevant computer-related newsgroup (e.g.,
comp.sys.mac.games).
* The general consensus is that the ROLEPLAYING aspects of games which are
primarily tabletop or board games, i.e. BattleTech and WarHammer 40k, are
welcome here, postings of a tactical or "wargaming" nature should be posted
to rec.games.board*
SUGGESTIONS FOR POSTING
The following suggestions are intended to SUPPLEMENT the general
guidelines for posting to the net. You should already be familiar with
the guidelines contained in "Rules for posting to Usenet", "A Primer on
How to Work With the Usenet Community", and "Hints on writing style for
Usenet", which can be found in the newsgroup news.announce.newusers.
The most relevant parts of these postings, or rather the parts of these
postings most often ignored on these newsgroups, are: Don't post anything
that is intended for only one other person, send flames and arguments
through E-mail; Read threads through to the end before adding to them,
often other people make your point first (M or m is a very useful
keystroke in rn); Don't post "yeah, me too" articles; Don't quote
excessively, especially don't quote the entirety of another person's
posting and then add two lines at the bottom, if someone wants to read
the entire first posting they can go back and read it for themselves.